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Author: Kaustub Neil Singh Bhati

Law Enforcement v. End-to-End Encryption

Posted on April 2, 2017August 11, 2017 by Kaustub Neil Singh Bhati

The age of digital communications with all its power to reach people instantly, anywhere on the globe, still has shortcomings. The instant communications happening all around us through laptops or mobiles involve two crucial processes i.e. encryption and decryption. These two processes are fundamental to the transfer of our voice and messages to the designated recipient anywhere around the world. While data resides on our devices or when it is being transferred, it is susceptible to interception by government or any other third party. Government intercepts these signals of communications, of the people suspected of wrongdoing with judicial permissions but this ability of the governments to gather intel by intercepting communications has hit a wall with the mass use of end-to-end encryption. The E2EE makes it highly improbable if not impossible to intercept such transmission and here lies the bone of contention between law enforcement and the public use of end-to-end encryption.

In a post-Snowden world, there has been relatively more awareness and interest in the right to privacy regarding digital communications; and in knowing when the government can snoop-in on personal conversations. A majority of the communications taking place today are digital and involve two crucial processes i.e. encryption and decryption. Encryption (which is conversion of information into a code) happens when a message/call is initiated. At the same time, decryption (conversion of code back into useful information) happens when the message/call is received by the recipient. There are multiple nuances in this process; both in the technological aspect and the legal aspect.

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Reconstructing a Crime Scene: Virtual Reality in Courtrooms

Posted on February 9, 2017 by Kaustub Neil Singh Bhati

Virtual Reality is the latest buzz in the technological sphere, especially with the arrival of VR devices like headsets from giants like Facebook (Oculus Rift), Sony (PlayStation VR) and HTC (Vive). It is a relatively old concept (Aspen Movie Map was the first example, created by MIT in 1978) but with advancement in contemporary technologies, virtual reality has progressed by leaps and bounds in its effectiveness i.e. from being a mere 3-D image to an immersive and interactive system. Apart from its use in gaming and other entertainment purposes, it has been proposed to use this technology in another rather unexpected facet that of judicial proceedings.

Prior to the use of the technology it is important to analyse the concerns regarding the technology in question in a courtroom setting. The concerns are multifold: the manipulation of facts regarding the actual scene of crime/accident, time delay in court proceedings, cost of the expensive procedure and the possibility of manipulation of the trier of facts (judge/jury) i.e. inducing bias. While all of these are relevant questions regarding the use of virtual reality in courtrooms, each of the above concerns can be mitigated.

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